arterial plague,anthrax,diabetes.
ARTERIAL PLAQUE:
Atherosclerosis, or the narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of plaque along the inner lining, is a lethal and highly prevalent condition in most developed countries. The plaques consist principally of fat and cholesterol deposits but also contain blood platelets, decomposing muscle cells, and other tissue. Since plaques usually reduce blood flow in major arteries, their presence represents a serious health risk, leading to heart disease, stroke, and the disruption of kidney and intestinal function. Poor circulation, also a result of plaque buildup, impairs movement of the limbs. Fragments of the plaques may break off and travel through the bloodstream to obstruct smaller vessels. The plaques unfortunately become larger and more numerous with age, especially in people with high levels of cholesterol in their diet and bloodstream.THIS IS A MAJOR PROBLEM FACED MOST OF THE AGED PEOPLE IN WORLD
author:chaitanyatvk
ANTHARX:
Anthrax, contagious disease of warm-blooded animals, including humans, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. One of the oldest known diseases, it was once epidemic and still appears in many areas of the world, but only sporadically in the western and southern United States, and Europe. It was the first disease for which the causative organism was isolated, by C. J. Davaine in 1863
In humans, the disease appears in both external and internal forms, with a death rate of about 20 per cent. The external or cutaneous form is contracted through cuts or abrasions in the skin by those who handle infected hides and carcasses and may be self-limiting, but often disseminates into the bloodstream, with fever and prostration. It is characterized by malignant pustules on exposed skin areas. The internal type is acquired by inhaling anthrax spores, as from animal hair and wool, which invade the lungs and sometimes the intestinal tract to cause haemorrhaging. It is thought that an intestinal variety may be caused by consuming contaminated meat or milk. Workers exposed to animal products, especially wool, are protected by vaccination. Penicillin and tetracyclines are effective in treatment except in rapidly progressing cases.
Animals acquire the disease from: drinking water draining from contaminated soil, in which the organism may live for years; from eating infected carcasses and feedstuffs; or from the bites of bloodsucking insects. The disease, sometimes manifested by staggering, bloody discharge, convulsions, and suffocation, may be fatal almost immediately in acute cases and within three to five days in subacute cases. Death is caused by toxaemia. Pre-seasonal inoculations and antibiotics are effective.
In the United States, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks there on September 11, 2001, anthrax bacteria sent through the post by bioterrorists was discovered in a number of postal facilities, and within media companies and government buildings. Within a month 17 cases of both the skin and inhalation varieties had been reported, with 4 people dying as a result of inhalation anthrax. Those affected had either handled infected mail, or had inhaled anthrax spores that had been released once an infected envelope was opened. Massive stocks of anthrax vaccine were subsequently built up rapidly.
the bioterrorists r u using this type of bioweapons for distraction of world
author:chaitanyatvk
DIABETES
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DIABETES INSIPIDUS:
Diabetes Insipidus, rare disease caused by deficiency of vasopressin, one of the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland, which controls the amount of urine secreted by the kidneys. The symptoms of diabetes insipidus are marked thirst and the excretion of large quantities of urine, as many as 4 to 10 litres a day. This urine contains no excess sugar. In many cases, injection or nasal inhalation of vasopressin controls the symptoms of the disease.
DIABETES MELLITUS:
Diabetes Mellitus, common disorder of metabolism in which the amount of glucose, or sugar, in the blood is too high, a condition known as hyperglycaemia.
CAUSES:
Diabetes develops either because the body’s pancreas is not producing enough of the hormone insulin to metabolize glucose, or because the insulin fails to act on receptor cells in the blood. When blood glucose rises above a certain level, it spills over into the urine. The condition, which may be hereditary, affects roughly 3 per cent of men and 2 per cent of women; up to half of the affected population may not have been diagnosed.
Though there is no cure for diabetes mellitus, proper insulin and other therapy together with a correct diet enable most patients to live virtually normal lives with minimal side effects, though their mortality rate is higher.
EFFECTS:Moderately raised blood glucose levels can eventually cause kidney failure; damage to vision from ruptured blood vessels in the eyes; and restricted blood flow to the limbs, which may lead to gangrene and subsequent amputation. Diabetes mellitus is also associated with a risk of coronary heart disease that is two to three times higher in men, and four to five times higher in women before the menopause. The risk of a stroke is increased two to three times.
Untreated, the disease can lead to coma and death, which was the usual outcome before the discovery of insulin in 1921. Fifty years ago, about 30 per cent of pregnancies among women with diabetes mellitus ended in stillbirth or death of the child within weeks of birth, as well as a high percentage of abnormalities. Today, the stillbirths figure is far lower and the perinatal mortality rate (total of stillbirths plus deaths in the first four weeks of life) 5.6 per cent, compared with l.4 per cent in the general population. Babies of mothers with diabetes tend to be larger and have an increased risk of complications, such as breathing problems and hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) at birth.
SYMPTOMS:
A common symptom of diabetes mellitus is weight reduction caused by the loss of fluids and fat; this is because of the inability of the body to break down carbohydrates. Other symptoms are passing copious amounts of urine; increased thirst; disturbances of vision; limb numbness; genital itching; cessation of menstruation in women; and a tendency to boils and skin infections. About half of people affected are undiagnosed for some years until high glucose levels are detected in samples of blood or urine during medical tests.
author:chaitanyatvk
